Introduction
As an important equipment in the manufacturing industry, the precision and complexity of operating a press brake require operators to possess detailed mechanical operation knowledge and a deep understanding of control systems. This article will systematically introduce the start-up process of a press brake, the establishment of the coordinate system, axis parameter settings, tool setting, and the functions of multi-axis CNC systems, aiming to provide a comprehensive operational guide for engineers and technicians.
Start-up and Basic Settings of Press Brake
Start-up Process
The first step in operating a press brake is to ensure that the power is on. On the control panel, the operator needs to turn the key switch and then press the pump start button. At this point, the sound of the pump running can be heard, but the machine itself will not have any movement. This is part of the preparation phase to ensure that all systems start up in a safe state.
System Initialization
The first task after start-up is to establish the machine tool's coordinate system using the G92 command. This step is crucial for subsequent precise operations as it defines the position reference for the workpiece and the tool.
Setting and Programming Axis Parameters
System Axis Parameters
On the press brake, system axis parameters should be consistent with the programming mode. Typically, these parameters should be set for diameter programming mode so that the machine can accurately identify and operate on the workpiece. If these parameters need to be changed, the machine usually needs to be restarted to ensure that the new settings are correctly loaded.
Tool Setting for Z-Axis
In the jog mode, the tool setting for the Z-axis involves making a trial cut on the end face of the workpiece at a small feed rate. The operator needs to record the Z-axis coordinate value Z2 of the tool in the machine coordinate system at this time. If the workpiece coordinate system is set at the rear end face, the Z-axis coordinate value is the workpiece length value L.
Tool Setting for X-Axis
Similarly, in the jog mode, the tool setting for the X-axis involves making a trial cut on the outer circle of the workpiece and reading the X-axis coordinate value X2 of the tool in the machine coordinate system at this time. After measuring the workpiece diameter, the X-axis coordinate value X1 of the tool in the workpiece coordinate system can be set to be equal to the workpiece diameter value D.
Characteristics of Advanced CNC Press Brake
Multi-Axis Control
Modern CNC press brakes are typically equipped with multi-axis control systems, such as 8-axis CNC press brakes. In such systems, the Y1 and Y2 axes independently control the cylinders to ensure bending accuracy and synchronization. The X-axis is responsible for forward and backward movement, while the X1 and X2 axes control the horizontal movement of the backgauge.
Independent Control of Z and R Axes
In multi-axis systems, the Z-axis is typically divided into Z1 and Z2, which independently control two separate backgauges, allowing for more complex bending operations, such as angle bending. The R1 and R2 axes control the independent lifting and lowering of the backgauge, further increasing operational flexibility.
Role of Compensation Cylinder
The compensation cylinder is located below the press brake and, although it is a virtual presence, it plays an important role in a CNC press brake. By adjusting the compensation cylinder, the pressure distribution during the bending process can be optimized, thereby improving product accuracy and quality.
Conclusion
The operation of a press brake is complex and requires precision, from basic start-up to advanced multi-axis control. Each step requires precise operation by the operator and fine adjustments of the system. Understanding and mastering these operations not only improves production efficiency but also ensures product quality and operational safety. With continuous technological advancements, the application of CNC press brakes will become more widespread, highlighting their increasing importance in the manufacturing industry.
