Maintenance and Maintenance Knowledge of Numerical Control Equipment
Numerical control (NC) equipment is an advanced processing device with a high degree of automation and complex structure. It is a key and critical equipment for enterprises. To maximize the efficiency of NC equipment, correct operation and careful maintenance are necessary to ensure the utilization of the equipment. Proper operation can prevent abnormal wear of the machine tool and avoid sudden failures. Performing regular maintenance and upkeep can keep the equipment in good technical condition, delay the deterioration process, timely detect and eliminate hidden faults, and ensure safe operation.
1. Issues to be noted during the use of NC equipment
1.1 Environmental considerations for NC equipment
To extend the service life of NC equipment, it is generally required to avoid direct sunlight and other thermal radiation, as well as places that are too humid, excessively dusty, or contain corrosive gases. Corrosive gases can corrode electronic components, leading to poor contact or short circuits between components, which can affect the normal operation of the equipment. Precision NC equipment should be kept away from equipment with significant vibrations, such as punching presses and forging equipment.
1.2 Power supply requirements
To avoid large power fluctuations (greater than ±10%) and possible transient interference signals, NC equipment generally uses dedicated power lines (such as a separate line from the low-voltage distribution room for the NC machine tool) or additional voltage stabilizing devices. These measures can reduce the impact of power supply quality and electrical interference.
1.3 Operating procedures
Operating procedures are one of the important measures to ensure the safe operation of NC machine tools, and operators must follow them. When a machine tool malfunctions, operators should pay attention to preserving the scene and truthfully explain the situation before and after the failure to the maintenance personnel. This will facilitate the analysis and diagnosis of the cause of the failure for timely troubleshooting.
In addition, NC machine tools should not be stored unused for a long time. After purchasing NC machine tools, they should be fully utilized, especially in the first year of use. This allows the weak points prone to failure to be exposed early and resolved within the warranty period. When there are no machining tasks, NC machine tools should also be powered on regularly. It is recommended to power them on 1-2 times a week and let them run idle for about 1 hour each time. This helps reduce the humidity inside the machine by utilizing the heat generated by the machine tool itself, preventing moisture damage to electronic components. It also enables timely detection of battery alarms to prevent the loss of system software and parameters.
2. Maintenance and Upkeep of CNC Machine Tools
CNC machine tools come in various types, each with its own functions, structures, and systems, and they have different characteristics in terms of maintenance and upkeep. The specific maintenance and upkeep requirements should be based on the type, model, and actual usage of the machine tool, as well as the requirements stated in the machine tool's user manual. It is important to establish necessary regular and graded maintenance systems. The following are some common and general points for daily maintenance and upkeep.
2.1 Maintenance of the CNC system
1) Strictly follow operating procedures and daily maintenance regulations.
2) Minimize opening the doors of the CNC cabinet and high-voltage cabinet.
The air in the machining workshop usually contains oil mist, dust, and even metal particles. If they fall on the circuit boards or electronic components inside the CNC system, it can cause a decrease in insulation resistance between components and even damage to components and circuit boards. Some users may open the doors of the CNC cabinet in the summer to dissipate heat and allow the CNC system to work under overload conditions for an extended period. This is an extremely undesirable method and will eventually lead to accelerated damage to the CNC system.
3) Regularly clean the cooling and ventilation system of the CNC cabinet.
Check if the cooling fans on the CNC cabinet are working properly. Every six months or quarterly, inspect the air duct filters for any blockage. If excessive dust accumulates on the filter, timely cleaning is necessary to prevent the temperature inside the CNC cabinet from rising too high.
4) Regular maintenance of input/output devices of the CNC system.
CNC machine tools produced before the 1980s often come with photoelectric tape readers. If the reading part is contaminated, it can cause errors in information input. Therefore, regular maintenance of the photoelectric reader is required.
5) Regular inspection and replacement of DC motor brushes.
Excessive wear of DC motor brushes can affect motor performance and even cause motor damage. Therefore, regular inspection and replacement of motor brushes are necessary. For CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, machining centers, etc., an annual inspection is recommended.
6) Regular replacement of backup batteries.
CMOS RAM storage devices in the CNC system usually have rechargeable batteries to maintain the content of the memory during power-off periods. Even if they have not failed, the batteries should be replaced annually to ensure the normal operation of the system. Battery replacement should be done while the CNC system is powered on to prevent the loss of information in the RAM during the replacement process.
7) Maintenance of spare circuit boards.
When spare printed circuit boards are not used for a long time, they should be periodically installed in the CNC system and powered on for a period of time to prevent damage.
2.2 Maintenance of mechanical components
1) Maintenance of the main drive chain.
Regularly adjust the tension of the main spindle drive belt to prevent slipping and loss of synchronization. Check the constant temperature oil tank for the main spindle lubrication, adjust the temperature range, replenish oil in a timely manner, and clean the filter. After prolonged use of the tool clamping device in the main spindle, gaps may occur, affecting the clamping of the tool. It is necessary to adjust the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder piston in a timely manner.
2) Maintenance of ball screw thread pairs.
Regularly inspect and adjust the axial clearance of the ball screw thread pairs to ensure reverse transmission accuracy and axial rigidity. Regularly check for any looseness in the connection between the screw and the bed. If the protective device for the screw is damaged, it should be replaced promptly to prevent dust or chips from entering.
3) Maintenance of tool magazines and tool-changing robots.
It is strictly prohibited to load overweight or excessively long tools into the tool magazine to avoid tool dropping or collisions between tools and workpieces/fixtures during tool changes. Regularly check if the tool magazine returns to the correct zero position, check if the spindle of the machine tool returns to the tool change point, and make timely adjustments. During startup, the tool magazine and tool-changing robot should run empty to check if all parts are working properly, especially if the stroke switches and solenoid valves are functioning correctly. Check if the tool is securely locked on the tool-changing robot, and address any abnormalities promptly.
2.3 Maintenance of hydraulic and pneumatic systems
Regularly clean or replace filters or sub-filters in lubrication, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems. Regularly inspect and replace hydraulic oil after conducting oil quality tests. Regularly drain water from pneumatic system sub-filters.
2.4 Maintenance of machine tool accuracy
Regularly check and calibrate the level and mechanical accuracy of the machine tool. There are two methods for calibrating mechanical accuracy: soft and hard methods. The soft method mainly involves compensating system parameters, such as backlash compensation for the screw, position compensation for coordinate positioning accuracy, and correction of the machine tool's return reference point. The hard method is usually performed during major machine tool maintenance, such as scraping the guide rails and adjusting the preloading of the ball screw nut pair to eliminate backlash.
2. Basic Conditions for Maintenance Work
CNC machine tools can range in value from tens of thousands to tens of millions of yuan. They are generally critical equipment for key products and processes in enterprises. Once a failure occurs and the machine stops, the impact and losses can be significant. However, people often focus more on the performance of such equipment and pay less attention to its proper use, maintenance, and repair. They often neglect the creation and investment in maintenance and repair conditions in their daily operations, resulting in a common phenomenon of last-minute attempts to fix problems. Therefore, in order to fully maximize the benefits of CNC machine tools, we must attach importance to maintenance work and create favorable conditions for it. Since electrical failures are the most common in CNC machine tools, electrical maintenance is particularly important.
1. Personnel Conditions
The speed and quality of electrical maintenance work for CNC machine tools depend crucially on the qualifications of the electrical maintenance personnel.
(1) First and foremost, they should have a high sense of responsibility and good professional ethics.
(2) They should have a broad knowledge base. They need to learn and have a basic understanding of various disciplines related to electrical control of CNC machine tools, such as computer technology, analog and digital circuit technology, automatic control and drive theory, control technology, machining processes, and mechanical transmission technology. Of course, this also includes the basic knowledge of CNC discussed in the previous section.
(3) They should undergo proper technical training. They need to study the fundamental theories of CNC technology, especially technical training specific to the particular CNC machine tool. This includes participating in relevant training courses and practical training at the installation site of the machine tool, learning from experienced maintenance personnel, and, most importantly, self-study over an extended period of time.
(4) They should be proactive in practical work. They should actively engage in maintenance and operation work for CNC machine tools, continuously improving their analytical and hands-on abilities through practical experience.
(5) They should master scientific methods. It is not enough to have enthusiasm for maintenance work; they must also continually learn and improve through long-term study and practice, extracting scientific methods for analyzing and solving problems.
(6) They should learn and master the commonly used instruments, meters, and tools in electrical maintenance.
(7) They should have proficiency in at least one foreign language, especially English. At the very least, they should be able to understand technical materials.
2. Material Conditions
(1) Prepare general electrical spare parts as well as specific electrical spare parts for each CNC machine tool.
(2) Ensure quick and smooth procurement channels for non-essential commonly used electrical components.
(3) Have necessary maintenance tools, instruments, and meters, preferably equipped with a laptop computer with required maintenance software.
(4) Complete technical drawings and documentation for each CNC machine tool.
(5) Maintain technical records and materials related to the use and maintenance of CNC machine tools.
3. Preventive Maintenance
The purpose of preventive maintenance is to reduce the failure rate. The work mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) Personnel Arrangement: Assign dedicated operators, process personnel, and maintenance personnel for each CNC machine tool. All personnel should continuously strive to improve their technical skills.
(2) Establish Regulations and Documentation: Develop operating procedures and establish work and maintenance records tailored to the specific performance and machining objects of each machine tool. Managers should regularly inspect, summarize, and improve these documents.
(3) Daily Maintenance: Establish a daily maintenance plan for each CNC machine tool, including maintenance tasks such as lubrication and wear of coordinate axis drive systems, spindle lubrication, oil and gas circuits, temperature controls, balancing systems, cooling systems, tension of transmission belts, cleaning of relays and contactors, checking for loose plugs and wiring terminals, and ventilation conditions of electrical cabinets. Determine maintenance cycles for various functional components and consumables (daily, monthly, semi-annually, or irregularly).
(4) Improve Utilization: If a CNC machine tool is idle for a long time, when it needs to be used again, various motion components of the machine tool may be affected by solidified grease, dust, or even rust, leading to a decrease in static and dynamic transmission performance and a reduction in machine tool accuracy. Clogging of the oil system is also a major concern. From an electrical perspective, the entire electrical control system of a CNC machine tool consists of tens of thousands of electronic components, which have varying performance and lifespans. Macroscopically, they can be divided into three stages: within one year, they are in the so-called "running-in" stage, during which the failure rate decreases. If the machine tool is continuously operated during this period, the "running-in" task will be completed more quickly, and the maintenance period of one year can also be fully utilized. The second stage is the effective lifespan stage, where the machine tool operates at its full potential. With proper use and good daily maintenance, the machine tool can operate normally for at least five years or more. The third stage is the system's aging stage, where electrical hardware failures gradually increase. The average lifespan of a CNC system is around 8 to 10 years.
Therefore, during a period of no machining tasks, it is best to run the machine tool at a lower speed or at least power on the CNC system regularly, even daily.
3. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Techniques
1. Classification of Common Electrical Faults
Electrical faults in CNC machine tools can be classified based on the nature, manifestations, causes, or consequences of the faults.
(1) Based on the location of the fault, it can be divided into hardware faults and software faults. Hardware faults refer to abnormal states or even damage to electronic components, electrical devices, printed circuit boards, wires, cables, connectors, etc. These faults require repair or replacement to be resolved. Software faults generally refer to faults generated in the PLC logic control program, which can be resolved by inputting or modifying certain data or even modifying the PLC program. Malfunctions in part machining programs also fall under software faults. The most severe software fault is the deficiency or loss of CNC system software, which can only be resolved by contacting the manufacturer or its service organization.
(2) Based on whether there are diagnostic indications when the fault occurs, it can be classified as faults with diagnostic indications and faults without diagnostic indications. Modern CNC systems are designed with comprehensive self-diagnostic programs that continuously monitor the software and hardware performance of the entire system. Once a fault is detected, it will immediately trigger an alarm or display a brief explanation on the screen. Combined with the diagnostic manual provided with the system, the cause and location of the fault can be identified, along with suggested troubleshooting methods. Machine tool manufacturers also provide relevant fault indications and diagnostic instructions specific to their machines. The presence of diagnostic indications, along with various indicator lights on electrical devices, makes it relatively easy to troubleshoot the majority of electrical faults. Faults without diagnostic indications are partly due to the incompleteness of the aforementioned diagnostic programs (such as switch malfunctions or loose connections). These faults require analysis and troubleshooting by relying on the familiarity and technical proficiency of the maintenance personnel with the machine tool, based on the working process and fault phenomena and consequences before the fault occurred.
(3) Based on whether the fault causes destructive damage, it can be classified as destructive faults and non-destructive faults. For destructive faults that cause damage to workpieces or even the machine tool itself, it is not permissible for the fault to recur during repairs. In such cases, the fault can only be eliminated based on the observed phenomena during the occurrence of the fault, through corresponding inspections and analysis. This type of troubleshooting is technically challenging and carries certain risks. If there is a possibility of damaging the workpiece, it is advisable to remove the workpiece and attempt to reproduce the fault process with extreme caution.
(4) Based on the probability of the fault occurring, it can be classified as systematic faults and random faults. Systematic faults refer to deterministic faults that occur under certain conditions. Random faults, on the other hand, occur occasionally under the same conditions. Analysis of such faults is more difficult and often related to localized loosening or misalignment of the machine tool's mechanical structure, drift or reduced reliability of certain electrical components, and excessive internal temperature of electrical devices. The analysis of these faults requires repeated experiments and comprehensive judgments to eliminate them.
(5) If the fault is assessed based on the motion quality characteristics of the machine tool, it is related to the deterioration of the machine tool's motion characteristics. In such cases, the machine tool may operate normally but fail to produce qualified workpieces. Examples include poor positioning accuracy, excessive backlash, and unstable coordinate motion. These faults require the use of testing instruments to diagnose the mechanical and electrical components that contribute to the errors, followed by optimization adjustments to the mechanical transmission system, CNC system, and servo system to eliminate the faults.
2. Investigation and Analysis of Faults
This is the first stage of troubleshooting and is crucial. The following tasks should be performed:
① Inquiry Investigation: When receiving a request to eliminate a fault on-site, the operator should be asked to maintain the fault condition without making any changes. This facilitates a quick and accurate analysis of the fault cause. Additionally, carefully inquire about the fault indications, manifestations, and background information to make initial judgments. This helps determine the tools, instruments, drawings, spare parts, etc., required for on-site troubleshooting, reducing back-and-forth time.
② On-site Inspection: Upon arrival at the site, the accuracy and completeness of the information provided by the operator should be verified to confirm the accuracy of the initial judgments. Operators may sometimes describe the fault condition unclearly or inaccurately, so it is important not to rush into handling the situation. Re-investigate the various circumstances to avoid damaging the site, which would increase the difficulty of troubleshooting.
③ Fault Analysis: Analyze the fault type based on the known fault conditions using the classification method described in the previous section. This helps determine the troubleshooting principles. Since most faults have indications, referring to the diagnostic manual and user instructions provided with the CNC system can identify multiple possible causes of the fault.
④ Determining the Cause: Investigate the various possible causes to identify the true cause of the current fault. This is a comprehensive test of the maintenance personnel's familiarity with the machine tool, knowledge level, practical experience, and analytical judgment skills.
⑤ Preparation for Troubleshooting: Some faults may have simple elimination methods, while others are often more complex and require a series of preparations. This may include preparing tools, instruments, partial disassembly, component repairs, component procurement, and even developing a troubleshooting plan.
The process of investigating, analyzing, and diagnosing electrical system faults in CNC machine tools is the process of troubleshooting. Once the cause is identified, the fault is almost eliminated. Therefore, the methods of fault analysis and diagnosis become crucial. The commonly used diagnostic methods for electrical faults are summarized below.
(1) Visual Inspection: This is the initial method used in fault analysis, relying on sensory examination.
① Inquiry Investigation: Carefully inquire about the process of the fault occurrence, fault manifestations, and consequences from on-site personnel. Multiple inquiries may be necessary throughout the analysis and judgment process.
② Visual Examination: Check the overall working status of various parts of the machine tool, such as the positions of each coordinate axis, spindle status, tool magazine, robotic arm position, etc. Check for alarm indications on various electrical control devices (such as the CNC system, temperature control device, lubrication device), and inspect for blown fuses, burnt or cracked components, loose wiring or cables, and correct positioning of operating elements.
③ Touch Examination: Under the condition of complete power-off, touch the installation condition of major circuit boards, the connection condition of plugs and sockets, and the connection condition of power and signal wires (such as servo and motor contactor wiring) to discover possible fault causes.
④ Power-On Examination: This refers to powering on the system to check for smoke, sparks, abnormal sounds, odors, overheated motors or components, etc. If any issues are found, immediately power off for further analysis.
(2) Instrument Examination: Use conventional electrical instruments to measure various AC and DC power supply voltages, as well as related DC and pulse signals, to identify possible faults. For example, use a multimeter to check the power supply status and measure the measurement points of relevant signals set on certain circuit boards. Use an oscilloscope to observe the amplitude, phase, and presence of ripple signals. Use a PLC programmer to locate faults in the PLC program and determine the cause.
(3) Signal and Alarm Indication Analysis:
① Hardware Alarm Indication: This refers to various status and fault indicator lights on electronic and electrical devices, including the CNC system and servo system. By combining the indicator light status with the corresponding functional instructions, the indication content, fault cause, and troubleshooting methods can be determined.
② Software Alarm Indication: As mentioned earlier, system software, PLC programs, and processing programs usually have alarm displays. By referring to the displayed alarm code and consulting the corresponding diagnostic manual, possible fault causes and troubleshooting methods can be identified.
(4) Interface Status Check: Modern CNC systems often integrate PLCs, and communication between the CNC and PLC is established through a series of interface signals. Some faults are related to interface signal errors or loss. Some interface signals can be indicated by indicator lights on corresponding interface boards or input/output boards, while others can be displayed on the CRT screen through simple operations. All interface signals can be accessed using a PLC programmer. This checking method requires maintenance personnel to be familiar with the interface signals of the specific machine tool and the application of the PLC programmer.
(5) Parameter Adjustment: CNC systems, PLCs, and servo drive systems have many adjustable parameters to meet the requirements of different machine tools and operating conditions. These parameters not only match the electrical systems with specific machine tools but also optimize the functionality of the machine tool. Therefore, any changes (especially analog parameters) or loss of parameters are not allowed. Changes in mechanical or electrical performance caused by long-term operation of the machine tool can disrupt the initial matching and optimization. Such faults often fall into the second category of faults mentioned in the fault classification section and require readjustment of one or more related parameters to eliminate the fault. This method requires a high level of expertise from maintenance personnel, who need to have a thorough understanding of the main parameters of the specific system, know their addresses, understand their functions, and have extensive experience in electrical debugging.
(6) Spare Part Replacement: When the fault analysis focuses on a specific printed circuit board (PCB), it can be challenging to pinpoint the fault to a specific area or component due to the increasing integration of circuits. To minimize downtime, if there are identical spare parts available, they can be replaced first, and then the faulty board can be inspected and repaired. The replacement of spare parts should consider the following issues:
① Replacement of any spare parts must be done with the power off.
② Many PCBs have switches or jumpers set to match specific requirements. Therefore, when replacing a spare part board, the original switch positions and settings must be recorded, and the new board should be set accordingly; otherwise, alarms may occur, and the system may not work.
③ The replacement of certain PCBs may require specific operations to establish software and parameter settings. This requires careful reading of the instructions for the corresponding circuit board.
④ Some PCBs cannot be easily removed, such as boards containing working memory or backup battery boards. They may lose useful parameters or programs if replaced, so the replacement must be carried out according to the relevant instructions.
Considering the above conditions, it is important to carefully read the relevant documentation and understand the requirements and operating procedures before removing the old board and replacing it with a new one to avoid causing further damage.
(7) Cross-Swapping Method: When a faulty board is identified or when it is uncertain whether a board is faulty and there are no spare parts available, two identical or compatible boards in the system can be swapped to check for faults. For example, swapping the instruction boards or servo boards of two coordinates can help determine the faulty board or faulty component. This cross-swapping method requires careful consideration, not only in correctly swapping the hardware connections but also in exchanging a series of corresponding parameters. Otherwise, the desired outcome may not be achieved, and new faults may be introduced, causing confusion. It is essential to plan the software and hardware swapping scheme thoroughly and accurately before performing the exchange check.
(8) Special Handling Method: Modern CNC systems have entered the stage of PC-based and open development, with increasing software content. They include system software, machine tool manufacturer software, and even user-specific software. Due to inevitable issues in software logic design, some fault conditions may be difficult to analyze, such as system crashes. For such fault phenomena, special methods can be employed. For example, completely powering off the machine, pausing briefly, and then restarting it may sometimes eliminate the fault. Maintenance personnel can explore regularities or other effective methods through their long-term practice.
3. Electrical Maintenance and Fault Elimination
This is the second stage of troubleshooting and the implementation phase.
As mentioned earlier, the process of analyzing electrical faults is also the process of troubleshooting. Therefore, some commonly used methods for eliminating electrical faults have been comprehensively introduced in the previous section on analysis methods. This section will list a few common electrical faults and provide a brief introduction for reference by maintenance personnel.
(1) Power Supply: The power supply is the source of energy for the maintenance system and even the entire machine tool to operate normally. Its failure or malfunction can result in data loss and downtime at the least, and it can damage local or even all system components at the worst. In Western countries, where power supply is abundant and the power grid quality is high, less consideration is given to power supply design in electrical systems. However, in China, where power supply fluctuates and high-order harmonics are common, combined with certain human factors, faults caused by power supply issues are inevitable. When designing the power supply system for CNC machine tools, the following should be considered:
① Provide independent distribution boxes that are not shared with other equipment.
② Install three-phase AC voltage stabilizers in areas with poor power supply quality.
③ Ensure a good grounding at the power supply starting point.
④ Adopt a three-phase five-wire system for the three-phase power supply entering the CNC machine tool, strictly separating the neutral line (N) from the grounding (PE).
⑤ Isolate the layout of electrical components in the electrical cabinet and the routing of AC and DC wires from each other.
(2) Position Loop Fault in CNC Systems
① Position loop alarm: It could be due to an open circuit in the position measurement loop, damage to the measurement device, or the absence of interface signals required for position control.
② Axis movement without commands: It could be caused by excessive drift, positive feedback connection of the position loop or velocity loop, open circuit in the feedback wiring, or damage to the measurement device.
(3) Inability to find the zero point of machine tool coordinates: It could be due to the zero direction being far from the zero point, damage to or open circuit in the encoder, shift in the zero point marking of the grating, or malfunction of the homing deceleration switch.
(4) Deterioration of machine tool dynamic characteristics, decreased workpiece machining quality, and even machine tool vibration at certain speeds. This could be caused by excessive mechanical transmission system clearance or severe wear, inadequate lubrication of the guide rails, or the speed loop, position loop, and related parameters of the electrical control system no longer being in an optimal matching state. After basic troubleshooting of mechanical faults, re-optimization adjustments should be performed.
(5) Intermittent shutdown faults: There are two possible situations: one is that specific combinations of operations and functions in the software design mentioned earlier cause shutdown faults, which generally disappear after the machine tool is powered off and on again; the other is caused by environmental conditions such as strong interference (from the power grid or surrounding equipment), high temperature, or high humidity. These environmental factors are often overlooked, for example, placing the machine tool in a regular workshop or near an open door in southern regions, keeping the electrical cabinet open for a long time, or having a large amount of dust, metal chips, or mist-generating equipment nearby. These factors can not only cause faults but also damage the system and machine tool. It is essential to pay attention to improvements in these areas.
Due to space limitations, this article does not provide further details. Readers can refer to random materials on CNC machine tools and other articles specifically addressing various faults.
4. Summary and Improvement Work after Maintenance and Troubleshooting
The summary and improvement work after repairing and troubleshooting electrical faults in CNC machine tools is the third stage of troubleshooting and is of great importance. It should be given sufficient attention.
The main contents of the summary and improvement work include:
① Detailed records of various problems encountered throughout the process, from the occurrence of the fault to analysis and judgment, and finally, the elimination of the fault. This includes the relevant circuit diagrams, parameters, and software. Errors in analysis and troubleshooting methods should also be recorded, along with the reasons for their ineffectiveness. Besides filling in the maintenance records, more detailed documentation should be prepared if necessary.
② If conditions permit, maintenance personnel should extract content of general significance from typical fault elimination practices for theoretical exploration, write papers, and thereby improve their knowledge and skills. This is particularly necessary in cases where faults were eliminated without thorough and systematic analysis, relying on a certain degree of randomness.
③ Summarize the various types of drawings and textual materials needed during the fault elimination process. If there are any deficiencies, find ways to make up for them and study them in the following days to meet future needs.
④ Identify the knowledge gaps discovered during the troubleshooting process and develop a learning plan to fill them as soon as possible.
⑤ Identify any deficiencies in tools, instruments, and spare parts and strive to replenish them when conditions allow.
The benefits of summary and improvement work include:
① Rapidly improving the theoretical level and maintenance capabilities of maintenance personnel.
② Improving the speed of repairing repetitive faults.
③ Facilitating the analysis of equipment failure rates and maintainability, improving operating procedures, and increasing the lifespan and utilization rate of machine tools.
④ Identifying and addressing deficiencies in the original electrical design of the machine tool.
⑤ Sharing resources. The summarized information can serve as parameter data and learning/training materials for other maintenance personnel.
