N46 hydraulic oil can also be used, but it tends to cause the machine to heat up and can damage the seals of valves and cylinders.
Hydraulic oil serves as the hydraulic medium in hydraulic systems, utilizing the pressure energy of liquids. It plays roles in energy transfer, wear resistance, system lubrication, anti-corrosion, rust prevention, and cooling in hydraulic systems.
For hydraulic oil, it should first meet the viscosity requirements of the hydraulic device under working and start-up temperatures. Since the viscosity change of the oil directly affects hydraulic action, transmission efficiency, and precision, the oil's viscosity-temperature performance and shear stability must meet various needs for different applications.
Quality Requirements:
Hydraulic systems in automobiles and construction machinery use hydraulic oil as the working medium. These systems typically have high pressure but low fluid flow rates, hence referred to as hydrostatic transmissions. The quality of hydraulic oil significantly impacts the reliability and lifespan of the hydraulic system. The general quality requirements for hydraulic oil include:
1) Suitable viscosity and good viscosity-temperature performance to ensure accurate and sensitive power transmission under varying working temperatures, and to maintain normal lubrication of hydraulic components.
2) Good anti-rust and oxidation stability, not easily oxidized and deteriorated under high temperature and pressure conditions, ensuring a long service life.
3) Good anti-foaming properties, allowing the foam produced under continuous mechanical stirring conditions to dissipate easily, stabilizing power transmission and preventing accelerated oxidation of the hydraulic oil.
In China, hydraulic oils used in various hydraulic equipments fall into two main categories:
1) Mineral oils, whose main components are refined petroleum products with added formulations, featuring good lubricity, low corrosion, and chemical stability. They are widely used in hydraulic equipment.
2) Fire-resistant media, including water-based hydraulic oils and synthetic hydraulic oils. Water-based hydraulic oils, mainly composed of water with added rust inhibitors and lubricants, are inexpensive and fire-resistant but have poor fire resistance, high corrosivity, and a limited temperature range. They are generally used in hydraulic presses, mining machinery, and hydraulic supports for special occasions. Synthetic hydraulic oils are chemically synthesized from various phosphates and formulations, offering good lubrication, low freezing points, and good water resistance. However, they are expensive and toxic, generally used in steel mills, die-casting workshops, power plants, and aircraft, where high fire safety is required.
In the early 1970s, in response to the energy crisis, high water-based fluids developed abroad have evolved into the third generation. The first generation was soluble oil, made from 5% soluble oil and 95% water, forming an emulsion of water-in-oil type. The second generation was a synthetic solution, oil-free, composed of colorless transparent synthetic solution and water in a 5 to 95 ratio. The third generation is a micro-emulsion, neither emulsion nor solution, but a gel-like suspension of water-soluble anti-wear agents evenly dispersed in a 95% water phase. This synthetic emulsion, along with the development of science and technology, will be widely applied in various industrial fields.
Presses are widely used in cutting, punching, blanking, bending, riveting, and forming processes. They process metal blanks into parts by applying strong pressure, causing plastic deformation and fracture of the metal.
Open fixed table presses are general-purpose presses used for sheet metal stamping, suitable for punching, blanking, bending, flanging, and shallow drawing. They are extensively used in industries such as watches, toys, tableware, telecommunications equipment, instruments, motors, electrical appliances, tractors, automobile manufacturing, daily hardware, and radio components.
Mechanical Principles:
Presses use a motor through a transmission mechanism to drive the working mechanism, applying process force to the workpiece. The transmission mechanism consists of belt and gear drives for speed reduction; the working mechanism includes screw mechanisms, crank-link mechanisms, and hydraulic cylinders.
Presses are divided into screw presses, crank presses, and hydraulic presses. Crank presses are also known as mechanical presses.
Screw presses have no fixed bottom dead center and can strike larger forgings multiple times for forming. They can operate in single, continuous, or inching modes. The striking force is related to the deformation of the workpiece; larger deformations result in smaller forces, and smaller deformations (such as cold striking) result in larger forces. In these respects, they are similar to forging hammers. However, their striking force is enclosed by the frame, making the operation stable and significantly reducing vibration compared to forging hammers, eliminating the need for a large foundation.
Presses are equipped with forging ejection devices at the bottom. Screw presses combine the functions of forging hammers and mechanical presses, with strong versatility, suitable for die forging, punching, deep drawing, and other processes. Moreover, screw presses have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are widely used.
Hydraulic oil serves as the hydraulic medium in hydraulic systems, utilizing the pressure energy of liquids. It plays roles in energy transfer, wear resistance, system lubrication, anti-corrosion, rust prevention, and cooling in hydraulic systems.
For hydraulic oil, it should first meet the viscosity requirements of the hydraulic device under working and start-up temperatures. Since the viscosity change of the oil directly affects hydraulic action, transmission efficiency, and precision, the oil's viscosity-temperature performance and shear stability must meet various needs for different applications.
Quality Requirements:
Hydraulic systems in automobiles and construction machinery use hydraulic oil as the working medium. These systems typically have high pressure but low fluid flow rates, hence referred to as hydrostatic transmissions. The quality of hydraulic oil significantly impacts the reliability and lifespan of the hydraulic system. The general quality requirements for hydraulic oil include:
1) Suitable viscosity and good viscosity-temperature performance to ensure accurate and sensitive power transmission under varying working temperatures, and to maintain normal lubrication of hydraulic components.
2) Good anti-rust and oxidation stability, not easily oxidized and deteriorated under high temperature and pressure conditions, ensuring a long service life.
3) Good anti-foaming properties, allowing the foam produced under continuous mechanical stirring conditions to dissipate easily, stabilizing power transmission and preventing accelerated oxidation of the hydraulic oil.
In China, hydraulic oils used in various hydraulic equipments fall into two main categories:
1) Mineral oils, whose main components are refined petroleum products with added formulations, featuring good lubricity, low corrosion, and chemical stability. They are widely used in hydraulic equipment.
2) Fire-resistant media, including water-based hydraulic oils and synthetic hydraulic oils. Water-based hydraulic oils, mainly composed of water with added rust inhibitors and lubricants, are inexpensive and fire-resistant but have poor fire resistance, high corrosivity, and a limited temperature range. They are generally used in hydraulic presses, mining machinery, and hydraulic supports for special occasions. Synthetic hydraulic oils are chemically synthesized from various phosphates and formulations, offering good lubrication, low freezing points, and good water resistance. However, they are expensive and toxic, generally used in steel mills, die-casting workshops, power plants, and aircraft, where high fire safety is required.
In the early 1970s, in response to the energy crisis, high water-based fluids developed abroad have evolved into the third generation. The first generation was soluble oil, made from 5% soluble oil and 95% water, forming an emulsion of water-in-oil type. The second generation was a synthetic solution, oil-free, composed of colorless transparent synthetic solution and water in a 5 to 95 ratio. The third generation is a micro-emulsion, neither emulsion nor solution, but a gel-like suspension of water-soluble anti-wear agents evenly dispersed in a 95% water phase. This synthetic emulsion, along with the development of science and technology, will be widely applied in various industrial fields.
Presses are widely used in cutting, punching, blanking, bending, riveting, and forming processes. They process metal blanks into parts by applying strong pressure, causing plastic deformation and fracture of the metal.
Open fixed table presses are general-purpose presses used for sheet metal stamping, suitable for punching, blanking, bending, flanging, and shallow drawing. They are extensively used in industries such as watches, toys, tableware, telecommunications equipment, instruments, motors, electrical appliances, tractors, automobile manufacturing, daily hardware, and radio components.
Mechanical Principles:
Presses use a motor through a transmission mechanism to drive the working mechanism, applying process force to the workpiece. The transmission mechanism consists of belt and gear drives for speed reduction; the working mechanism includes screw mechanisms, crank-link mechanisms, and hydraulic cylinders.
Presses are divided into screw presses, crank presses, and hydraulic presses. Crank presses are also known as mechanical presses.
Screw presses have no fixed bottom dead center and can strike larger forgings multiple times for forming. They can operate in single, continuous, or inching modes. The striking force is related to the deformation of the workpiece; larger deformations result in smaller forces, and smaller deformations (such as cold striking) result in larger forces. In these respects, they are similar to forging hammers. However, their striking force is enclosed by the frame, making the operation stable and significantly reducing vibration compared to forging hammers, eliminating the need for a large foundation.
Presses are equipped with forging ejection devices at the bottom. Screw presses combine the functions of forging hammers and mechanical presses, with strong versatility, suitable for die forging, punching, deep drawing, and other processes. Moreover, screw presses have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are widely used.
