Operating a CNC bending machine requires precise adjustments and an understanding of how different factors affect bending performance. This guide will cover how to set up the machine, adjust parameters for different bending angles, troubleshoot pressure issues, and ensure safe and efficient operation.
Setting Up a CNC Bending Machine
1. Power-Up Preparation
Connect the Power:
- Ensure the machine is connected to the power supply.
- Turn on the key switch on the control panel.
- Start the oil pump to initiate the hydraulic system. You should hear the oil pump running.
2. No-Load Operation
Initial Run:
- Allow the machine to run without load for 5-10 minutes.
- Perform 2-3 full stroke movements with the upper slide.
- Listen for unusual sounds or signs of malfunction and stop the machine immediately if any issues arise.
Adjusting the Machine for Bending
1. Adjusting the Stroke
Set the Top Dead Center:
- Adjust the position of the slider's top dead center to ensure proper bending.
- Ensure there is a gap equal to the thickness of the sheet metal between the upper and lower dies at the lowest point.
2. Selecting the Lower Die Slot
Choose the Correct Slot Width:
- Select a slot width that is eight times the thickness of the sheet metal. For example, for a 4mm thick sheet, select a 32mm slot.
3. Adjusting the Back Gauge
Set the Back Gauge Position:
- Adjust the position of the back gauge to ensure accurate positioning of the sheet metal for bending. This can typically be done using electric rapid adjustment or manual fine-tuning.
4. Starting the Bending Process
Position the Workpiece:
- Place the workpiece on the workbench and align it with the back gauge.
- Press the foot pedal to start the bending process.
- Release the foot pedal to pause bending, and press it again to resume.
Adjusting Bending Parameters
Setting Bending Angles
Using Sharp Die Slots:
- For specific bending angles like 135 or 145 degrees, select an appropriate sharp die slot.
- For a 35-degree bend, use a 30-degree sharp die slot. Adjust the angle on the CNC panel or manually test with a sample piece.
Bending Force Adjustment
Calculate Bending Force:
- Use the bending force calculation formula to determine the required force in kilonewtons and set it accordingly on the machine.
- Alternatively, refer to a lookup table based on material and thickness to find the appropriate force setting.
Troubleshooting Uneven Pressure Issues
1. Material Deformation
Cause:
- Deformation of the material on one side can lead to uneven pressure.
Solution:
- Inspect the material for flatness and strength before processing. Ensure it meets the required standards.
2. Misalignment of Dies
Cause:
- If the upper and lower dies are not parallel, one side will experience more pressure than the other.
Solution:
- Regularly use the adjustment mechanism to align the dies parallel to each other.
3. Uneven Workbench
Cause:
- An uneven workbench can cause one side to bear more pressure.
Solution:
- Adjust the workbench to ensure it is flat and level.
4. Hydraulic System Issues
Cause:
- Faults in the hydraulic system components can result in uneven pressure.
Solution:
- Inspect and repair or replace faulty hydraulic components.
Adjusting Central Pressure in Hydraulic Bending Machines
Steps:
1. Power On: Connect the power supply, turn on the key switch, and start the oil pump.
2. Adjust Stroke: Set the stroke to ensure a gap equal to the sheet thickness at the lowest point of the upper die.
3. Choose Die Slot: Select a slot width that is eight times the thickness of the sheet metal.
4. Adjust Back Gauge: Use electric rapid adjustment or manual fine-tuning for the back gauge.
5. Start Bending: Press the foot pedal to start bending. Release the pedal to pause and press again to continue.
Programming and Advanced Techniques
Basic Programming Commands
Key Commands:
- G00: Rapid movement.
- G01: Linear movement.
- G02: Clockwise circular movement.
- G03: Counterclockwise circular movement.
Setting Parameters
Input Parameters:
- Enter required parameters such as bending angles and lengths into the programming interface.
Advanced Programming Techniques
Reusable Programs:
- Develop reusable programs for common tasks to improve efficiency.
- Understand the characteristics of the bending machine and the metal materials to optimize programming results.
Ensuring Optimal Performance and Safety
Safety Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment:
- Wear safety glasses, gloves, and safety shoes.
Pre-Operation Checks:
- Inspect the motor, switches, wiring, and grounding.
- Ensure the work area and controls are correctly set.
- Check the alignment and fastening of the upper and lower dies.
Regular Maintenance
Monitor Operation:
- Continuously monitor the machine during operation for any anomalies.
- Stop the machine to make adjustments or corrections, never using hands during operation.
Preventive Maintenance:
- Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule to keep the machine in optimal condition.
Conclusion
Operating and adjusting a CNC bending machine involves understanding its components, setting up the machine correctly, adjusting bending parameters, and troubleshooting any issues. By following the detailed steps and guidelines provided in this article, operators can ensure efficient and safe metalworking processes, producing high-quality workpieces consistently. Always refer to the specific machine’s user manual for detailed instructions and consult the manufacturer for additional guidance.
